Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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WHAT IS RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS? Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a virus that causes infection in the lungs and respiratory tract. It has a high prevalence amongst children even children less than 2 years, sometimes even months, most especially premature infants.  RSV also affects adults and the elderly, and mostly found amongst people with heart […] Read More

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus

WHAT IS RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS? Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a virus that causes infection in the lungs and respiratory tract. It has a high prevalence amongst children even children less than 2 years, sometimes even months, most especially premature infants.  RSV also affects adults and the elderly, and mostly found amongst people with heart and lung diseases, and people with weak immune systems. However, the respiratory syncytial virus is quite serious and could be fatal as it could lead to serious lung complications. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can develop quite fast and spread to the lower respiratory tract, resulting in pneumonia or bronchiolitis which is the inflammation of the small airway passages coming from the lungs. This virus is contagious. Studies show that approximately 57000 infants under the age of 5 have been reported with cases of conditions and complications caused by a respiratory syncytial virus. It was observed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that the virus is seasonal, having its most account from September to May. RISK FACTORS FOR RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS Certain factors expose one to the respiratory syncytial virus. They include:
  • Premature babies.
  • People with the weaker immune system.
  • People with heart or lungs infections.
  • People with neurological disorders.
  • Staying in places without proper ventilation.
  • The elderly or those above the age of 65.
COMPLICATIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS The respiratory syncytial virus could lead to complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, decrease immunity, increase risk of developing covid19.  The development of ear infections especially the middle part of the ear in children, the development of asthma and asthmatic attacks, the probability of recurrence of the infection. DIAGNOSIS OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS When diagnosing for the respiratory syncytial virus, your doctor will perform a physical examination, asking certain questions to ascertain the conditions. Your lungs will be check using a stethoscope to check to wheeze and abnormal sounds. Other diagnostic tests include:
  • Rapid Diagnostic Test
This procedure involves looking for antigens in secretions from your nose (runny nose). This sample is taken to the lab for testing.
  • Virus Culture 
This culture test checks nasal secretion to detect the virus in the blood.
  • Blood Test
This is carried out to ascertain your white blood cell count. This helps indicate the presence of any infections.
  • Imaging Scans 
Scans such as chest X-rays to check for inflammations especially in the lungs. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS TREATMENT The respiratory syncytial virus can not be treated using antibiotics since it is not caused by bacterial but viruses. Hence, mild symptoms can resolve on their own without treatment. However, if symptoms persist, it is advisable to seek your doctor’s advice on treatment guidelines as the infection can become fatal to your health.  For infants with severe cases, hospitalization is very critical and necessary. You will be administered intravenous fluids, oxygen and kept in a well-ventilated place. Sometimes, a ventilator may be needed to breathe properly. Medications include respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, palivizumab, or the oral form to help prevent resistance. It is also given to prevent the manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus.  You can remove sticky nasal fluids with a bulb syringe and saline drops. Use a humidifier or cool-mist vaporizer which helps keep the air moist and aids breathing. Adequate amount of water to stay hydrated. Also, give your infant fluids in small quantities per time throughout the day. RECOVERY Since this virus can survive for hours on surfaces, symptoms could take two to eight days before manifestation from a time of been infection.  Most people recover in few days to few weeks. (1 or 2 weeks) with the repeated occurrence of wheezing in some cases.  In severe cases like a premature infant, one may be required to stay in the hospital for a longer time to recover. children can get infected more than once. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS PREVENTION & PRECAUTIONS. Certain lifestyles and habits can help prevent the entrance of the respiratory syncytial virus into the body system. Such steps include:
  • Frequent washing of your hands.
  • Avoid always using your hand on your face.
  • Always cover your mouth when you sneeze.
  • Maintain proper hygiene.
  • Avoid sharing drinking cups, plates, etc. 
  • Try the use of disposable cups and dispose of them after use.
  • Avoid smoking and exposing children to tobacco smell as it increases their risk of having Respiratory syncytial virus.
  • Wash toys regularly.
LIFESTYLES AND REMEDIES OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS They are certain lifestyles that could help people with the respiratory syncytial virus. They include: Creating an ideal environment where the room is kept warm but not overheated and the air is kept moist and not dry to prevent congestion and coughing. Having a humidifier at home.
  • Have a habit of drinking water regularly.
  • Try using saline nasal drops.
  • Avoid smoking around children.
    • The use of medications such as acetaminophen as Tylenol help reduces sore throat and fever.

Symptoms

RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS SYMPTOMS

Symptoms manifest themselves based on age. Symptoms may become visible 4 to 6 days after infection.

In older adults, they experience:

  • Mild discomfort
  • Congestion
  • Cough
  • Runny nose
  • Fever
  • Sneezing

While in extreme cases involving infants, they include:

  • Wheezing
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Short fast breathing
  • Pale or bluish skin
  • Bronchitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Sore throat
  • Easily tired
  • Loss of appetite
  • Easily irritated

    Causes

    RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS CAUSES AND TRANSMISSION

    The respiratory syncytial virus gets into the body through the openings in the eyes, nose, or mouth. It is mostly spread through the air when someone infected coughs without protecting him or herself and the molecules are breathe in. It can also be spread through direct contact such as handshakes, etc.

    This virus can survive for hours without a host and live on hard objects such as cribs, countertops, toys, etc. Hence, the cause could get into your body system when you carry such contaminated objects with your hands and touch your face with that same hand without washing it.

    FAQ

    • What are the medications used to treat the respiratory syncytial virus?

    There have been two drugs recognized for treating the respiratory syncytial virus. Such drugs include Palivizumba and Ribavirin.

    • Can antibiotics be used to treat the respiratory syncytial virus?

    Antibiotics can not be used to treat respiratory syncytial virus since it is a virus. Antibiotics are mostly used for the treatment of infections caused by bacterial.

    • What does the respiratory syncytial virus do to the lungs?

    The effect of the respiratory syncytial virus on the lungs includes acute bronchitis when it affects the bronchioles, pneumonia, etc.

    • Is respiratory syncytial virus droplet or airborne?

    The respiratory syncytial virus can be in the nasal or mouth secretions of infected persons and transmits in droplets when they sneeze and cough without covering their mouth. It can also spread through dried respiratory secretions on bedclothes, handkerchiefs, etc.

    • How long does RSV last in adults?

    The respiratory syncytial virus is rarely severe in adults and can last less than 5 days and is characterized by a runny nose, cough, fatigue, and fever.