Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidney to conserve water resulting in extreme thirst and frequent urination dilute which is usually odorless and dilute. The normal kidney passes out 1 to 2 quarts of urine in a day but People with diabetes insipidus releases about 3 to 20 quarts of […] Read More
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Diabetes Insipidus
- Central diabetes insipidusÂ
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Dipsogenic diabetes insipidusÂ
- Gestational diabetes insipidus
- Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Surgery complications
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Tumor
- Injury to the head
- In some rare cases genetic complications or defects.
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Chronic kidney diseases or infection
- Increase in the calcium blood level
- The decrease in the potassium blood level
- Medications containing lithium
- Blockage of the urinary tract
- Gene defects or mutations, etc.
- Dipsogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Gestational Diabetes Insipidus
- Genetic factors or mutations; this is most common in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and sometimes central diabetes insipidus.
- Complications of surgery.Â
- Injury or accidents involving the head.
- Medications containing lithium or anti-viral medication such as foscarnet could cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
- Pregnancy
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Increased heart rate
- Low body temperature
- Decrease in weightÂ
- Fatigue
- Frequent headaches
- The decrease in blood pressure
- Your medical and family history to check if its cause is genetic or inherited.
- You will undergo a physical examination which includes checking your skin appearance for signs of dehydration.
- Urinalysis will be carried out. This procedure involves testing your urine sample which is collected in a special container.Â
- You will be taken to the lab for a blood test. The blood test helps to ascertain your blood sodium level and distinguish between the presence of diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.
- You will undergo a fluid depreciation test. This test measures the changes in your body weight and checks for urine concentration whilst restricting fluid intake.
- You will also undergo some scans such as magnetic resonance imaging. This scan aims to take images of the body’s internal tissues without using an X-ray. It is mostly carried by an experienced or specially trained technician or a radiologist.
- Hormonal Treatment
- The Use of Drugs and Medications
- Use of ice chips or sour candies to moisten the dry mouth and increase saliva flow which in turn reduces the desire to drink.
- Taking enough water to prevent dehydration.
- In gestational diabetes insipidus, the expecting mother can be administered desmopressin.
Symptoms
DIABETES INSIPIDUS SYMPTOMS
The symptoms of diabetes insipidus include the following:
- Extreme thirst.
- The massive production of diluted.
- Urge for cold drinks or substances.
- Frequent urge to urinate mostly at night.
In children, symptoms may include;
- Heavy or wet diapers.
- Bedwetting.
- Fever.
- Stunted growth.
- Weight loss.
- Vomiting.
Causes
DIABETES INSIPIDUS CAUSES
Diabetes insipidus is primarily caused by an injury or damage to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which affects the production and action of anti-diuretic hormone or vasopressin on the kidney in the regulation of body fluid.Â
Anti-diuretic hormone or vasopressin is a hormone that aids in maintaining or regulating how fast or slow the body fluids are excreted. It is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland to be released when needed. Hence, people with diabetes insipidus cannot properly balance body fluids levels.
Another cause of diabetes insipidus is the inability of the kidney cells to respond to the level of vasopressin in the blood.
It could also be caused by an autoimmune reaction of the immune system fighting cells that produce that produces vasopressin. Research is still been carried out to find out more causes of diabetes insipidus.
FAQ
- Does diabetes insipidus cause weight gain?
Since diabetes insipidus affects the appetite, it can affect the weight of people having this condition. Weight is usually lost especially in children and also affect their growth
- What is the mortality rate of diabetes insipidus?
Most people hardly die from diabetes insipidus as long as they can effectively tackle the loss of water from their bodies. The risk of death is higher in infants and elderly people which is because they may have issues relating their thirst to people around
- Can diabetes insipidus go away without treatment?
Without treatment, the condition only gets worse. Effective adherence to treatment can help manage the constant thirst and frequent urination that comes with this condition.
- Can diabetes insipidus be prevented?
Currently, there is no specific preventive method for diabetes insipidus but certain measures can be taken, which include; constant monitoring of your urine output, checking and treating underlying brain tumors and kidney diseases
- How much water should a diabetic insipidus drink?
You may be advised by your doctor on the amount of water to drink every day at least a minimum of 2.5 liters of water